Tiffany Case

The case In July l993 . Tiffany& Company finished up a concurrence with its Japanese merchant, Mitsukoshi Ltd. that would on a very basic level change its business in Japan. Under the new understanding, Tiffany’s entirely claimed auxiliary, Tiffany& Company Japan Inc. (Tiffany-Japan), accepted administration obligations in the activity of 29 Tiffany &Company boutiques recently worked by Mitsukoshi in its stores and different areas in Japan.Tiffany anticipated the new course of action, as it was presently liable for many dollars in stock that it recently offered discount to Mitsukoshi, bringing about upgraded incomes in Japan got from higher retail costs. It was additionally obvious, nonetheless, that vacillations in the yen/dollar conversion scale would now influence the dollar estimation of its Japanese deals, which would be acknowledged in yen. Since Japanese deals were enormous and as yet developing, it appeared to be obvious such vacillations considerable effec t on Tiffany's future budgetary presentation. Organization BackgroundFounded in New York in 1837,Tiffany ;Company was a globally eminent retailer, fashioner, producer ,and wholesaler of extravagance products . The well known blue-box organization discovered its underlying achievement in fine gems, most quite precious stones, however had since extended its product offering to incorporate watches, china, gem, flatware, and other extravagance extras. In the financial year finishing January 31, l993 (FY1992), Tiffany earned $15. 7million on incomes of $486. 4million and had complete resources of$419. 4 million. Ongoing fiscal summaries are given in Exhibits 1and 2.An authentic rundown of activities is given in Exhibit 3. After over a time of autonomy, Tiffany was procured by Avon Products, Inc. in 1979. For the following quite a while, Avon, an across the country entryway to-entryway beautifiers advertiser, attempted to grow Tiffany's product offering to reach past its customary princel y client base to the bigger center market. While this expansion procedure brought about upgraded deals for Tiffany from $84million in l979to $124million in l983, working costs as a level of deals developed unreasonably from 34%to 43% in 1978and l983, respectively.Avon before long understood that Tiffany's conventional market specialty was considerably not the same as its own and, in l984, chose to put the organization available to be purchased. The most appealing offer originated from Tiffany's own administration, who consented to repurchase Tiffany's value and the Fifth Avenue store working for a sum of $135. 5 million. In what at last appeared as an utilized buyout (L B O), the provisions of the arrangement dispersed essentially the entirety of the value offers to three key financial specialist gatherings. The board wound up with 20% of absolute value shares.Investcorp, the Bahrain-and London-based shipper bank that sponsored administration in the arrangement, got 49. 8%of complet e value shares. The third player, General Electric Credit Corporation(GECC), wound up with 25. 7%of all out value shares. 1t was through a $85 million acknowledge course of action for GECC that administration had the option to renegotiate a considerable portionof the price tag. The result of the LBO was set apart by close free income combined with huge development potential on the horizon.After the organization had by and by become productive and understanding that the organization's development possibilities requested more money than could be created inside, in 1987,management offered Tiffany stock to people in general at around $15 a share(adjusted for an ensuing stock split). In l989,Mitsukoshi bought l. 5 million portions of Tiffany's normal stock from GECC. As of January31, 1993, Mitsukoshi possessed roughly 14% of Tiffany stock, the biggest level of any single institutional investor.Three other institutional financial specialists on the whole claimed around 26% of the stock, t railed by all Tiffany official officials and chiefs as a gathering at 4. 9%. In l993, Tiffany was composed into three dissemination channels: U. S. retail, direct advertising, and worldwide retail. U. S. retail included retail deals in Tiffany-worked stores in the United States and discount deals to autonomous retailers in North America. The l6 stores in this channel represented half of absolute deals in FY 1992 Direct showcasing, speaking to the littlest channel of appropriation, comprised of corporate and list deals .In FY 1992, its deals spoke to 18% of Tiffany’s complete deals. Worldwide retail, which included retail deals through Tiffany-worked stores and boutiques, corporate deals, and discount deals to free retailers and wholesalers, basically in the Far East and Europe, represented 32% of all out deals in FY1992. Gems deals from every one of the three channels represented 65% of 1993 deals, making adornments the most huge product offering. Show 4 gives budgetary after effects of Tiffany’s residential and outside operations.The recent years for Tiffany were set apart by a pattern of universal extension, starting in1986 when it opened a leader retail location in London. Extra leader stores were then opened in Munich and Zurich in 1987 and 1988, separately. In 1990, the Zurich store was extended. Stores were opened in Hong Kong at the Peninsula Hotel and at the LandmarkCenter in August 1988 and March 1989, individually. Taipei saw the opening of a store in1990, as did Singapore (at the Raffles Hotel), Frankfurt, and Toronto in 199l. Additionally in l991, the London store was expanded.In l992, Tiffany opened five new boutiques in Japan, and two new boutiques were opened by an autonomous retailer in Korea. Mid 1993 saw proceeded with global development, with the opening of two additional boutiques in Japan, a subsequent store in Singapore's NgeeAnnCity, two boutiques by free retailers in Saipan and the Philippines, and the extension of the Peni nsula Hotel store in Hong Kong. Display 5 shows the development in the quantity of Tiffany stores and boutiques around the globe from 31 to 79, inferring a 250% expansion from 1987 to 1993.These 79 retail stores included l6stores in the United States,56 stores in the Far East,6stores in Europe, and l store in Canada, all of which extended in size from700 to 13,OOO gross square feet, with a sum of roughly 127,OOO gross square feet committed to retail purposes. Tiffany's overall capital uses were $22. 8 million in FY l992. contrasted and $41. 4 million in FY 1991. These consumptions were essentially for the opening of new stores and boutiques and the extension of existing stores.Management foreseen capital uses to drop further to $18. O million in FY l993 before bouncing back to roughly $25. O million in FY 1994. The executives likewise expected to open four or five new stores for each year within a reasonable time-frame. To help future extension plans, and changes in occasional worki ng capital needs, the board intended to depend upon inside created reserves and a $100 million noncollateralized spinning credit office accessible at loan costs dependent on Eurodollar rates, a prime rate, authentication of store rates, or currency showcase rates.As previously, money profits were required to be kept up at a generally moderate level, which would allow the organization to hold a greater part of its income. Force for Change in the Japanese Operations While Tiffany discovered new market potential over the globe, no place was let as promising as in Japan, where Tiffany’s deals represented just 1% of the $20 billion Japanese gems advertise. The flourishing Japanese economy of the late l980s and mid 1990s invigorated a blasting requests for particular kinds of costly and exciting Western goods.Among these were Tiffany items, mainly those of the fine adornments line promoted toward more established ladies. Be that as it may, as the Japanese economy at last eased back and Japanese shoppers turned out to be increasingly mindful in their spending, the interest for Tiffany's extravagance things likewise drooped. In light of delicate customer request in Japan, Mitsukoshi cut back on Tiffany stock levels. Mitsukoshi’s discount buys from Tiffany-Japan declined from 23%of Tiffany's all out deals in FY 199l to 15%in FY1992. Declining discount shipments were likewise joined by a little decrease in net edge from 49. %in FY1991 t0 48. 7%in FY 1992. In spite of dull purchaser request in the principal half of FY 1993, notwithstanding, Tiffany kept on accepting that Japanese deals had alluring since quite a while ago run development potential. It was therefore that Tiffany looked for more noteworthy authority over its future in Japan and at last chose to rebuild its Japanese activities. From 1972 through July1993, Mitsukoshi went about as the primary retailer of Tiffany items in Japan, buying chosen merchandise from Tiffany-Japan on a discount basis.Mi tsukoshi sold the items on a retail premise to the Japanese buyer, acknowledging benefits as moderately higher retail costs. Since the discount exchanges were designated completely in dollars, vacillations in the yen/dollar conversion scale didn't speak to a wellspring of instability for Tiffany's normal incomes. Rather, Mitsukoshi bore the danger of any swapping scale vacillations that occurred between the time it bought the stock from Tiffany and when it at long last made money settlement.Typically, Tiffany stock sold by Mitsukoshi was estimated at a considerable premium (l00% now and again) over the local U. S. retail cost for such product. The new understanding between the two organizations, in any case, on a very basic level changed the two organizations' money related circumstances. In repurchasing the product recently sold by Tiffany to Mitsukoshi, Tiffany-Japan accepted new accountability at building up yen retail costs, holding stock in Japan available to be purchased, over seeing and financing nearby publicizing and exposure programs, and controlling neighborhood Japanese management.Mitsukoshi then again, would never again be a free retailer of Tiffany items yet would even now get charges approaching 27% of net retail deals in remuneration for

Nature- to Build a Fire free essay sample

These two creators apply a one of a kind point of view of how nature can apply to regular day to day existence. The parts of connecting with nature and human feelings broke down and inspected underway of Jack London and Henry David Thoreau. Nature can be a feared adversary and can empty life from people and creatures that don't know and careful. In the short story â€Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London, nature sets and controls the tone all through and cooperates with the man and his pooch. In the story, a man and his canine are going through the Yukon, in Alaska, to meet the man’s companions in a lodge miles away. They experience a huge measure of affliction and agony while attempting to arrive at his companions. The Yukon is probably the coldest spot on Earth and the man and his pooch need to go for a considerable length of time in the unpleasant virus. They find the force and mercilessness of nature head on in their excursion. The man had an estimation of how cool it truly is while he and his pooch were strolling, the temperature is, â€Å"Fifty degrees beneath zero implied eighty-odd degrees of ice. Such truth dazzled him as being cold and awkward, that was all. It didn't lead him to ponder upon his slightness as an animal of temperature, and upon keeps an eye on fragility as a rule, ready to live inside certain tight constraints of cold† (London). This statement shows that the man accepts that he is more grounded and more remarkable than the virus. Nature cooperates with the man and gradually makes him free his human sense. The man turns out to be intellectually and genuinely feeble and in the end kicks the bucket from frostbite and defenselessness to nature. Nature’s connection with the man and his pooch unmistakably put things in place for the entire story. Then again, nature can be a person’s closest companion and dream. In the book Walden by Henry David Thoreau, Thoreau gets one with nature and lives on the shores of Walden Pond in Concord, Massachusetts. He moves to the forested areas and lives without anyone else and watches nature direct. Thoreau states precisely why he goes to the forested areas, â€Å"I went to the forested areas since I wished to live purposely, to front just the basic unavoidable issues facing everyone and check whether I was unable to realize what it needed to teach† (Thoreau 406). Thoreau accepts that nature is a fundamental piece of his life. Thoreau moves to the shores of Walden Pond since he accepts that he needs to streamline his life, accepting that the most ideal approach to live was uncertain, free, and as far as might be feasible. As opposed to nature being an undermining some portion of life, as in â€Å"To Build a Fire†, Walden portrays nature as quiet and welcoming. Thoreau esteems the chance to control what he does and when he does it. He realizes that he is free in nature and appreciates the way that he can go angling on the waterway and investigating in the forested areas, at whatever point he wants. Thoreau communicates and associates with nature in a quiet and gainful manner. The way that nature communicates with Thoreau makes a particular tone for the entire story. Jack London puts together his short story with respect to the way that nature is continually pushing man as far as possible. James R. Giles, in his Introduction to American Realism, states London roused a fiction that can best be depicted as the naturalistic and imperialistic epic that has been a backbone of twentieth-century American well known writing and culture† (Giles). This demonstrates London envelops the entirety of the advantages for be known as a naturalist author. London makes an approach to cause perusers to feel frightened, cold, and lost in Jill Widdicombe’s review of â€Å"To Build a Fire†. Widdicombe depicts how London joins the tale of a Yup’ik (a social order indigenous to Alaska) family going all through Alaska in a vehicle, when they become stuck in a snow bank and have no place to go being a long way from any significant streets. While in temperatures underneath negative sixty degrees fahrenheit, the family attempts to manufacture a blaze to keep warm, yet their endeavor at the fire falls flat. At the point when the endeavor at building the fire bombs the family has nothing else to spare them and in the long run all pass on in light of the shocking cold and hypothermia. Notwithstanding the part of nature, the part of the family being separated from everyone else in nature additionally applies to the supernatural methodology London is utilizing. In â€Å"To Build a Fire†, London’s utilizes his adoration and information on nature to give a naturalist approach. London portrays how a man needs to make due in horrendously cool temperatures, â€Å"When it is seventy five beneath zero, a man must not bomb in his first endeavor to construct a fire †that is, if his feet are wet† (London), demonstrating that nature is very ground-breaking and man lacks the capacity to deal with istakes when nature is at full power. London’s naturalist composing style draws out the genuine human attributes in the entirety of his characters. The naturalist way to deal with fuse the outside and the standards of nature, add enormously to the short story â€Å"To Build a Fire†. Interestingly, Henry David Thoreau shows the parts of introspect ive philosophy all through his book Walden. As per Perry D. Westbrook, an American Social rationalist, â€Å"Walden is a significant scholarly articulation of New England introspective philosophy. It records its creators encounters and considerations while living for a long time and two months in a cottage that he had based on the lush shores of Walden Pond close to Concord, Massachusetts† (Westbrook). Thoreau esteems the effortlessness and immaculateness of nature as opposed to the unpredictable hustle of ordinary society. The supernatural benefit of being separated from everyone else in nature is reflected by Thoreau when he says, â€Å"But I would state to my colleagues, once for all, to the extent that this would be possible live free and uncertain. It has little effect whether you are focused on a ranch or the district jail† (Thoreau 405). Thoreau needs his perusers to live free and to the maximum capacity and he accepts that must be done alone and in nature. As indicated by Overview: Walden†, Thoreau â€Å"urges his perusers to improve their lives† (Overview: Walden. ), and to live as one in nature. Thoreau consummately copies the central parts of supernatural writing in Walden. Jack London utilizes his symbolism in â€Å"To Build a Fire† to show the feelings of his characters, painting an image in the leaders of his perusers. London utilizes his words in a remarkable manner to show how human feelings are in truth an impression of nature. All through the story, the man battles with the furious cold in the Yukon domain and ceaselessly attempts to finish his objective of arriving at his companions miles down the path. The man goes after once and for all to strike the match to light a fire, â€Å"At last, when he could bear no more, he jolted his hands separated. The bursting matches fell sizzling into the snow† (London), demonstrating that his feelings and body could persevere through no more and that nature had negatively affected the man. Nature and its ground-breaking ways, all through â€Å"To Build a Fire†, cause the man to develop various feelings that incorporate and in the end lead to his demise. Human feelings are a reflection and reaction to the fierce impacts of nature. In Walden, Henry David Thoreau additionally communicates that human feelings are an impression of nature. As indicated by Kent C. Ryden an American researcher, â€Å"First, Thoreau tried to carry on with an actual existence grounded inventively, morally, and exotically in the surfaces of the normal world. Second, through the span of his vocation he turned out to be increasingly more keen on common life itself, in seeing how nature worked† (Ryden). All through a large portion of Walden, Thoreau’s temperament is straightforwardly related with the climate in Walden Pond. Throughout the winter season, Thoreau’s state of mind is quiet and quiet because of the dim skies and calm woods; he has hardly any guests and is disregarded to think throughout the winter months. Nature assumes a significant job in communicating human feelings in â€Å"To Build a Fire† and Walden. Nature is a characterizing power in the lives of everyone living on this wonderful planet. The climate controls what individuals do and when they can do what they want, no individual in their correct brain will go on a run in a tidal wave. Jack London draws out the merciless power of nature in his short story â€Å"To Build a Fire†. Then again, Henry David Thoreau draws out the quiet and inside and out piece of nature in his book Walden. Despite the fact that the manner in which nature acts is totally unique in these two stories, numerous correlations can be made. The parts of including nature and getting one with nature show visionary and naturalist esteems in the individual stories. Additionally, the reflection between human feelings and nature are exhibited all through â€Å"To Build a Fire† and Walden. Jack London and Henry David Thoreau demonstrate praiseworthy ability to have the option to apply such point by point parts of nature in every one of their accounts. Word Count: 1621 Works Cited Giles, James R. Presentation. The Naturalistic Inner-City Novel in America: Encounters with the Fat Man. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1995. 1-14. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Thomas J. Schoenberg and Lawrence J. Trudeau. Vol. 182. Detroit: Gale, 2007. Writing Resource Center. Web. 18 Mar. 2013. London, Jack. To Build a Fire. N. p. : n. p. , n. d. JackLondons. net. Web. 12 Mar. 2013. Ryden, Kent C. Thoreaus scene inside: how he came to know nature, and through it came to know himself. American Scholar 74. 1 (2005): 132+. Writing Resource Center. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. Thoreau, Henry D. Walden. Prentice Hall Literature. Immortal Voices, Timeless Themes: The American Experience. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002. 400-11. Print. Westbrook, Perry D. Walden: Overview. Reference Guide to American Literature. Ed. Jim Kamp. third ed. Detroit: St. James Press, 1994. Writing Resource Center. Web. 11 Feb. 2013. Widdicombe, Jill. A diagram of To Build a Fire,. Storm On

The State of Millennials and Marriage

The State of Millennials and Marriage Relationships Spouses & Partners Print The State of Millennials and Marriage By Marni Feuerman Marni Feuerman is a psychotherapist in private practice who has been helping couples with marital issues for more than 27 years. Learn about our editorial policy Marni Feuerman Updated on June 30, 2019 Hinterhaus Productions / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse Long ago, marriage was, for the most part, an economic arrangement. This later evolved into a way for people to express their love and commitment to each other. Marriage may be shifting again as Millennials (those born in the 1980s and 1990s) are either not marrying at all or marrying much later. At this point in time, the median age at first marriage is 27 for women and 29 for men. This is up about 7 years since the 1960s and may be slowly climbing. According to a recent report out of the Urban Institute, an unparalleled number of millennials will remain unmarried through age 40. Furthermore, the marriage rate is predicted to drop to 70 percent. This is around 10 â€" 20% lower than the last three generations.  In fact, a 2014 paper out of the ?Pew Research Center reports this is the biggest drop in the marriage rate in history.    ? Should We Be Worried About This Trend? Marriage offers several benefits: tax-related pluses, reduced likelihood of poverty, economic security, and children do much better when raised in stable two-parent households. There have been numerous studies that demonstrate that men in particular benefit even more in other ways.   Why This Is Happening One of the primary reasons for these trends is that millennials are facing many challenges when it comes to having a firm economic foundation. They often view marriage as a “capstone” rather than “cornerstone” of one’s adult life.  However, research shows that the capstone approach may, ironically, lead to worse preparation for marriage, resulting in less marital satisfaction. A second possible reason is the discouragingly high divorce rate. This is a phenomenon that has likely touched their lives in a profound way. They read about it online, they are products of their own parent’s divorce and they have many friends with divorced parents. Do Millennials Still Want to Get Married? A 2013 Gallup survey revealed that more young singles still aspire to get married than not, despite the declining marriage rate. Authorities of the National Marriage Project at the University of Virginia concur that this assertion is accurate. It seems who gets married and who stays married is changing a lot. But, the desire to marry in and of itself has not changed much. Perhaps this means that the challenge is to eradicate both the real and perceived blocks in our country to achieve that goal. Does Marriage Have an Image Problem? Has marriage as an institution lost its modern appeal? Maybe marriage, as it is traditionally defined, is no longer acceptable? We already have redefined who can marry as it is no longer only between a man and a woman. We may have even further to go to improve what might be viewed as an “image problem” in the eyes of the Millennial generation. Some with strong opinions on the topic believe marriage should be redefined. For instance, there should be alternative options that are also embraced by society. No one has come up with any viable ideas as of yet. What is happening most often is that millennials cohabitate and may even cohabitate with multiple partners (serial cohabitating). There is much evidence that cohabitating does not yield more positive marital outcomes. Some of those who do not live with a partner are often still living with their parents, again due to financial hardship. Reasons Millennials Delay Marriage Millennials might have deeper more personal reasons to delay marriage. There may be a mindset among this age group that you don’t need a partner to be happy. It’s also hard to be in a relationship with a group of people that clearly recognize themselves as being rather self-absorbed.   There are also more choices than ever now. With the use of technology, Millennials can view loads of singles online quite easily. There is a mentality that someone is easily replaceable. This paradox of choice can lead to inertia. Finally, this group is on the slow path to commitment as a whole. They are taking their time to have sex with multiple partners (even a few friends with benefits) or see if they can tolerate living with someone. This isn’t viewed as reckless behavior. It’s a way to “test drive” their partner before committing to “buy.” Millennials may have it right. They may be learning from the mistakes of generations past. There are much more socially acceptable options with respect to relationships today. But, what if the pendulum has swung too far? We likely will not for sure until the post-millennial Generation Z is in their 20s or perhaps even the generation after them.

The Doom Of The Lakes - 1442 Words

Sam Pruhs Mrs. Gavagan Expository Writing 5/24/2017 The Doom of the Lakes Just a few miles away, our Great Lakes are being ravaged by plastic particles being released throughout. Issues around the world regarding water have always been prevalent. Dehydration kills about 2.2 million children every year. We can not stand idle by as a possible solution degrades daily right next to us. Lake Erie is known as the most polluted of the Great Lakes however, Lake Michigan is close behind. Due to the boom in industry in the Milwaukee and Chicago areas during the Industrial Revolution, and the disregard of the environmental impact, Michigan has already absorbed a large amount of pollutants. Only one percent of the water in the Great Lakes leave the†¦show more content†¦Point source solution references when a facility or industrial treatment plant directly dump raw sewage or other pollutants into the body of water. Nonpoint source pollution refers to pollution associated with runoff. Air pollution deals with the microscopic particles whic h float through the air into the water. Air pollution is responsible for the far majority of the plastic particles present in the Great Lakes. Using our everyday products such as shampoo and hand soap because they re plastic particles to become airborne, and be swept by the wind into the Great Lakes. When they finally do settle into the water, they sit on the bottom until a current pushes them up, which happens very often. These plastic particles are cycled through the fish population and eventually the entire ecosystem, posing to crippled all the organisms. These particles cause ruptures in the body and clogged digestive tracts. Effects on the local Great Lake biosphere have accumulations of toxins within the food chain. For instance, fish. Consuming a large amount of fish exposed to these toxic chemicals can expose you to DDT, dioxin, and PCVs, these chemicals are known for being carcinogenic, and can cause neurological disorders and a weakened immune system. Being exposed to the Water by swimming can also cause immune problems if swallowed. These chemicals also are known for causing skin cancer if exposed to the external body. NonShow MoreRelatedThe Sacred Balance Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironmental catastrophe that will destroy mankind. Constantly scaring society as a means to create awareness for the environment has created ‘doom fatigue. The threat of doom for humankind is used so often, that it has become a clichà © that many dismiss simply as a shallow warning. 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Rhetorical Analysis IS Junk Food Really Cheaper Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Further, access to the sources of organic foods such as the supermarkets and the farmers markets has also been argued as a factor responsible for a higher consumption of fast foods, at the expense of home-cooked meals (Bittman, 662). The additional factor that has been argued in favor of the fast foods is the lack of requisite cooking skills. However, the truth is that the engineering behind the processed foods, coupled with the manufacturers enticing promotions have caused the Americans to get literary addicted to the fast foods, even when the home-cooked alternative is still cheaper and better (Bittman, 662). Logos is an element that has been applied effectively in this article, owing to the fact that the article gives a logic and consistent argument against the popularity of fast foods over the home-cooked foods. The article has effectively managed to show that a combination of different ingredients can produce home cooked meals that are cheaper than the fast foods. The argument creates a logical appeal, since there is a direct computation of a meal for four that would cost $28 at McDonalds and an equally dietary valued meal that is cooked at home cost between $9 and $14 (Bittman, 660). We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Analysis: IS Junk Food Really Cheaper or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The authority aspect is also well represented in the article, owing to the fact that the writer of the article is currently a professional journalism specializing solely on home cooking. This simply gives the writer the authority deserved in speaking on this subject, having specialized in matters that deal with home cooking, which allows him the vast knowledge in the finer details such as the cost of ingredients and the time required to prepare a meal at home (Bittman, 663). Emotional appeal has been achieved by the writer, through touching on the subject of the relationship between the fast foods consumption and the overweight problem, which is a sensitive issue in the modern American society (Zinczenko, Noll and Metz, n.p. ). Such argument captures the emotions of the audience in such a way that the audience becomes persuaded to adapt the home-cooking alternative, which is not associated much with the overweight problem. A major rhetoric fallacy applied in the article is the argument to the effect that processed foods trigger â€Å"addition-like neuro-addictive responses†, which then means that the more we eat, the more we need to fulfill the pleasure desirable in the brain (Bittman, 662). While the argument that fast foods and processed foods have a certain level of addictive effect on the consumers might be true, it is farfetched to argue that generally the more fast food we consume the more we need due to a brain chemical process that has not been adequately backed by scientific evidence.

Abolitionism †Summary Free Essays

Abolitionism Abolitionism in the United States was essential to causing the Civil War during the nineteenth century. Many abolitionists in the North, such as Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison, felt that slavery was a sin against God and published newspapers and pamphlets to share their views. Other abolitionists, such as John Brown, felt that the only way to abolish slavery was to forcefully free the slaves. We will write a custom essay sample on Abolitionism – Summary or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, people in the South did not see what was so wrong about owning a person as property and felt that these newspapers and pamphlets were an attack on their way of life. Sectionalism began to form as tension between the Northern and Southern states grew. Soon enough, war broke out between the states and the Civil War had begun. Abolitionists such as John Brown, Frederick Douglass, and William Lloyd Garrison were major contributors to the movement to abolish slavery. John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry opened many people’s eyes to the issue of slavery. Frederick Douglass’s autobiography, A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave spoke of his life as a slave and showed how bad slavery really was. He also published his own newspaper called the North Star which informed the public of slavery. Also, William Lloyd Garrison published the famous abolitionist paper, the Liberator which demoted slavery and promoted African American rights. He also began the American Anti-Slavery Society which was the first organization to demand an immediate end to slavery. Other publications such as Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe also contributed to the rise of abolitionism. By contributing to the rise of abolitionism, these abolitionists also contributed to the start of the Civil War. Tension between the Northern states and the Southern states grew as the rise of abolitionism increased. The more the Northern abolitionists protested, the more the Southerners felt their way of life was being attacked. There were many pamphlets and newspapers being published, as well as speeches being given by abolitionists which demoted slavery. The Southern citizens were outraged and responded in violence. The tension grew between the Northern states and the Southern states and sectionalism began to form. This tension soon exploded and the Civil War started. The protests led by abolitionists along with their newspapers and pamphlets resulted with numerous violent outbreaks between the Northern and Southern States. These outbreaks then lead to the beginning of the Civil War. The United States Congress also greatly contributed to the Civil War. When the American Anti-Slavery Society sent petitions to Congress which called for an end to slavery, they ignored it. Instead of addressing the issue at hand, Congress imposed the gag rule. The gag rule stated that Congress would not accept any petitions from the American people that dealt with slavery. When Congress deliberately avoided addressing the issue of slavery, the problem was never solved. So abolitionists kept protesting and the tension between the Northern and Southern states grew until finally civil war between the states broke out. The cause of the Civil War was clearly abolitionism. The movement to end slavery in the United St1ates caused violent uprisings, the formation of sectionalism, and tension between the Northern and Southern states. These actions were further aggravated by Congresses ignorance towards petitions, John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry, and the many publications of the North Star and the Liberator. The abolition movement caused many issues which were essential to starting the Civil War. Images: †¢ â€Å"Influence of Prominent Abolitionists: The African-American Mosaic (Library of Congress Exhibition). † Library of Congress Home. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. loc. gov/exhibits/african/afam006. html. †¢ â€Å"Africans in America/Part 4/Portrait of Frederick Douglass Close-up. † PBS. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part4/4h2962b. html. †¢ â€Å"A Bio. of America: The Coming of the Civil War – Maps. † Teacher Professional Development and Teacher Resources by Annenberg Media. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. ttp://www. learner. org/biographyofamerica/prog10/maps/. †¢ â€Å"John Brown Picture. † Google Images. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://images. google. com/imgres? imgurl=http://www. steveisler. com/Civil%2520War/files/images/129. jpgimgrefurl=http://www. steveisler. com/Civil%2520War/files/civilians. htmusg=__psTkgJR9weRvEVOmW zIHozbJMH0=h=1348w=1138sz=254hl=enstart=6tbnid=3YEu_IfLWnkvzM:tbnh=150tbnw=127prev=/images%3Fq%3DJohn%2BBrown%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG. †¢ â€Å"Anti-Abolitionist Cartoon. † The Liberator Files. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. theliberatorfiles. com/liberator-photo-gallery/. â€Å"Remembering Black Loyalists – Gordon, an American Slave. † Nova Scotia Museum. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://museum. gov. ns. ca/blackloyalists/18001900/people1800/gordon_lg. htm. Information: †¢ â€Å"American Anti-Slavery Society – Ohio History Central – A product of the Ohio Historical Society. † Ohio History Central – An Online Encyclopedia of Ohio History – Ohio Historical Society. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. ohiohistorycentral. org/entry. php? rec=832. †¢ â€Å"The American Experience | John Brown’s Holy War | People Events | The Secret Six. † PBS. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/brown/peopleeven ts/pande06. tml †¢ â€Å"William Lloyd Garrison. † PBS. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1561. html. †¢ â€Å"William Lloyd Garrison and The Liberator []. † Ushistory. org. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. ushistory. org/us/28a. asp. †¢ Abolition. The McGraw-Hill Companies Glencoe. Print. †¢ â€Å"Harpers Ferry. † PBS. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2940. html. †¢ â€Å"John Brown, Abolitionist, Harpers Ferry. † Civil War, American Civil War, Reconstruction. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. civilwaracademy. com/john-brown. html. †¢ â€Å"Frederick Douglass. † PBS. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. pbs. rg/wgbh/aia/part4/4p1539. html. †¢ â€Å"The American Experience | John Brown’s Holy War | Timeline (1884 – 1910). † PBS. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/brown/timeline/index. html. †¢ The Liberator Files. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http: //www. theliberatorfiles. com/. †¢ â€Å"Biography of Frederick Douglass-Champion of Civil and Women’s Rights. † Frederick Douglass Speeches-Seminars on Race Relations and Gender Equity. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://www. frederickdouglass. org/douglass_bio. html. †¢ Abolition – Camp Followers. Vol. 1. Milestone Documents in American History. Print. †¢ The McGraw Hill Company: Glencoe. Print. Primary Source Documents: †¢ â€Å"America Singing: Nineteenth-Century Song Sheets. † American Memory from the Library of Congress – Home Page. Web. 03 Jan. 2010. http://memory. loc. gov/cgi-bin/ampage? collId=amssfileName=as1/as113410/amsspage. dbrecNum=0itemLink=D? amss:3:. /temp/~ammem_xpav::@@@mdb=mcc,gottscho,detr,nfor,wpa,aap,cwar,bbpix,cowellbib,calbkbib,consrvbib,bdsbib,dag,fsaall,gmd,pan,vv,presp,varstg,suffrg,nawbib,horyd,wtc,toddbib,mgw,ncr,ngp,musdibib,hlaw,papr,lhbumbib,rbpebib,lbcoll,alad,hh,aaodyssey,magbell,bbc,dcm,raelbib,runyon,dukesm,lomaxbib,mtj,gottlieb,aep,qlt,coolbib,fpnas,aasm,denn,relpet,a How to cite Abolitionism – Summary, Essay examples

Development Role of Rbi free essay sample

This role is, perhaps, the most unheralded aspect of our activities, yet it remains among the most critical. The Reserve Bank is one of the few central banks that has taken an active and direct role in supporting developmental activities in their country. The Reserve Bank’s developmental role includes -ensuring credit to productive sectors of the economy, -creating institutions to build financial infrastructure, -expanding access to affordable financial services, and promoting financial education and literacy. Over the years, its developmental role has extended to institution building for facilitating the availability of diversified financial services within the country. The Reserve Bank today also plays an active role in encouraging efficient customer service throughout the banking industry, as well as extension of banking service to all, through the thrust on financial inclusion. Rural Credit Given the predominantly agrarian character of the Indian economy, the Reserve Bank’s role has been to ensure timely and adequate credit to the agricultural sector and other economic activities in rural area at affordable cost. We will write a custom essay sample on Development Role of Rbi or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Section 54 of the RBI Act, 1934 states that: the Bank may maintain expert staff to study various aspects of rural credit and development and in particular, it may:- (a)tender expert guidance and assistance to the National Bank (NABARD) and (b) conduct special studies in such areas as it may consider necessary to do so for promoting integrated rural development Priority Sector Lending The guiding principle of the revised guidelines on lending to priority sector has been to ensure adequate flow of bank credit to those sectors of the society/economy that impact large segments of the population and weaker sections, and to the sectors which are employment-intensive, such as, agriculture and micro and small enterprises(MSE). The broad categories of advances under priority sector now include agriculture, micro and small enterprises sector, microcredit, education and housing. Lead Bank Scheme (LBS) (December 2009) Here designated banks were made key instruments for local development and were entrusted with the responsibility of identifying growth centres, assessing deposit potential and credit gaps and evolving a coordinated approach for credit deployment in each district, in concert with other banks and other agencies. The Reserve Bank has assigned a Lead District Manager for each district who acts as a catalytic force for promoting financial inclusion and smooth working between government and banks. The LBS has largely achieved its original objective of bringing about overall improvements in branch expansion, -mobilisation of deposits and lending(credit planning) to the priority sectors, especially in rural/semi urban areas, Achieving 100 per cent financial inclusion, -strengthening the microfinance and cooperative sector, and -liberating the rural masses from the debt-trap. Special Agricultural Credit Plan/ Agricultural Credit With a view to augmenting the flow of credit to agriculture, Special Agricultural Credit Plan (SACP) was instituted and has been in operation for quite some time now. Under the SACP, banks are required to fix self-set targets showing an increase of about 30 per cent over previous year’s disbursements on yearly basis (April – March). The public sector banks have been formulating SACP since 1994. The scheme has been extended to Private Sector banks as well from the year 2005-06. Objective: To provide direct finance to small and marginal farmers. Banks were allowed to waive margin/security requirements for agricultural loans up to Rs. 50,000 and, in the case of agribusiness and agri-clinics, for loans up to Rs. 5 lakh. Kisan Credit Cards (KCC) (1998-99) Union Finance Minister announced in his budget speech for 1998-99 that NABARD would formulate a Model scheme for issue of KCC to farmers, on the basis of their land holdings, for uniform adoption by banks, so that the farmers may use them to readily purchase agricultural inputs such as seeds, fertilisers, pesticides, etc. and also draw cash for their production needs. The KCC Scheme was introduced to enable the farmers to purchase agricultural inputs and draw cash for their production needs. On revision of the KCC Scheme by NABARD in 2004, the scheme now covers term credit as well as working capital for agriculture and allied activities and a reasonable component for consumption needs. KCC Scheme aims at providing need based and timely credit support to the eligible farmers for their cultivation needs as well as non-farm activities at cost effective manner. Natural Calamities – Relief Measures In order to provide relief to bank borrowers in times of natural calamities, the Reserve Bank has issued standing guidelines to banks. The relief measures include, among other things, rescheduling / conversion of short-term loans into term loans; fresh loans; relaxed security and margin norms; treatment of converted/rescheduled agriculture loans as ‘current dues’; non-compounding of interest in respect of loans converted / rescheduled; and moratorium of at least one year. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development(MSMED), 2006 includes micro, small and medium enterprise in relation to manufacturing or production and service industry. Some of the major measures by RBI/ GOI to improve the credit flow to the MSE sector are as under: Collateral Free Loans: Reserve Bank has issued instructions/guidelines advising banks to sanction collateral free loans up to Rs. 5 lakh to the MSE borrowers. Further, banks have also been advised to lend collateral free loans up to Rs. 25 lakh, based on good track record and financial position of the units. Credit Guarantee Scheme(CGS) for Small Industries by SIDB: The main objective of the (CGS) for MSEs is to make available bank credit to first generation entrepreneurs for setting up their MSE units without the hassles of collateral/third party guarantee. The Scheme envisages that the lender availing guarantee facility would give composite credit so that the borrowers obtain both term loan and working capital facilities from a single agency. The Trust at present is providing guarantee to collateral free loans up to Rs. 1 crore under the scheme. Specialised MSE Branch in every District: Public sector banks were advised in August 2005 to operationalise at least one specialised MSE branch in every district and centre having a cluster of MSE enterprises. At the end of March 2009, 869 specialised MSE bank branches were operationalised by banks. Formulation of â€Å"Banking Code for MSE Customers†: The Banking Codes and Standards Board of India (BCSBI) has formulated a voluntary Code of Bank’s Commitment to Micro and Small Enterprises and has set minimum standards of banking practices for banks to follow when they are dealing with MSEs. Working Group on Rehabilitation/Nursing of Potentially Viable Sick SME Units: Detailed guidelines have been issued to banks advising them to evolve Board approved policies for the MSE sector relating to: (i) Loan policy governing extension of credit facilities. (ii) Restructuring / Rehabilitation policy for revival of potentially viable sick units / enterprises. (iii) Non-discretionary one time settlement scheme for recovery of non-performing loans. Institutions established by RBI 1962 Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC), to provide protection to bank depositors and guarantee cover to credit facilities extended to certain categories of small borrowers. 1964Unit Trust Of India(UTI), first Mutual fund of India

Romance And Love; An Essay Essays - Love, Philosophy Of Love

Romance and Love; an essay When I was assigned this topic to write about, I immediately thought of Eros. The ancient Greek word that describes the romantic side of love. Philos and Agape are really more spiritual in nature, but Eros, now that's a physical love. I envision Eros as the sweaty fumbling in the back of old Chevrolets, and the firelit evenings where everything seems to go just right and the sex is perfect, And even in the dark, rent by the hour hotel rooms where men and women with no names briefly join and then quickly part, never knowing the other persons name. All of these things are Eros to me. All of these things, while they might seem repulsive to you, are actually romantic to some. The actual definition of romance has been significantly altered in the minds of men as time progressed. The original definition of romance is: a fiction; a falsehood; a love affair. Now I am sure that you all know that everyone has a different definition of love. Some see love as being able to endure me, some see lo ve as being able to please me, and others see love as being able to obey me. All of these are true to some and violently wrong to others, but that is the beauty of love, it is available to all. Romance is therefore a relative thing. The fact is that romance, or Eros, is different things to different people. To me, romance is a fleeting thing. It is a step towards a better thing, towards love that isn't physical. Romance epitomizes the best and worst of love. It is a thing that I at once desire and despise. I suppose that I will eventually get ensnared in it's web, I can only hope that the nectar that it feeds me will be sweet enough to offset the acrid aftertaste of the inadequacy of romance as a substitute for the real love that I seek.

Becoming a Father and Husband Essays

Becoming a Father and Husband Essays Becoming a Father and Husband Essay Becoming a Father and Husband Essay Many people can probably identify a special time in their life and they may also be able to tell a lot about it but when it comes to being a father there just isn’t much to compete with. In this essay I will tell you all about how becoming a father became a special time in my life and how it blessed me to no end. I will tell how it scared me when I found out I had a son, I will tell how I adapted to becoming a true man, and husband, and I will tell how I was finally blessed with a beautiful baby girl so I hope this is something you enjoy. As a young man live was enjoyable, sure. Life was always giving to me and my free time, not having any responsibility was probably the best thing at that point in my life I just loved living like there was no tomorrow. Eventually, that was all to change, I was living in Corbin, KY at the time when I got a call from my mother telling me she has some news that I needed to come in as soon as possible, so as the next morning soon approached I woke up packed up and came back to Harlan County, KY where I found out that I had a 10 month old child he was a beautiful baby boy and he looked just like me. My mind was unsure I was very scared at the time I wasn’t ready to be a father I wasn’t ready for responsibility nor commitment to him, even with fear in my heart and hesitation in my mind I went for it I took him for the first weekend and never realized how truly amazing it was to spend all that time with him. I fell in love and was so happy I went through with having him for m yself every other weekend. Becoming a man was very hard, I know you’re probably thinking, well, why would he call it a man? Because, a man is someone who steps up to the plate who takes a swing no matter how hard the throw, and that’s exactly what I done even thought I was very scared and worried about this new step I was willing to change everything that I loved to take on this new journey. After a year or so I had become on

The Use of the Second Life Virtual Environment and Other Social Media Essay

The Use of the Second Life Virtual Environment and Other Social Media for Teamwork - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the continuous development of technology worldwide has led businesses to invest a significant amount of money in order to keep their IT to a high standard. Moreover, it seems that technology has become a necessary tool for developing a wide range of organizational activities, particularly in regard to the communication of each business with its customers. The potentials of the Second Life as a tool for the development of team meetings and activities are examined and analyzed in this paper. A comparison is also made with other forms of social media used by organizations in various industries. The risks and challenges of social media as tools for organizing team meetings and activities are mostly related to the failures in the management of the relevant IT systems, i.e. this is an issue of faults in the organizational structure and control. The use of IT systems for organizing business activities has been a common practice in markets wor ldwide. In order to understand the role of Second Life virtual environment for specific business tasks, including the development of team meetings and activities, it would be necessary to describe the context of such environment. In accordance with Lehmann-Grube, the virtual environment (known also as the virtual world) is ‘asynchronous, persistent network of people, represented as avatars, facilitated by networked computers’. The Second Life is a virtual world incorporating most of the facilities available in real worlds, such as ‘businesses, recreation, buildings, and services’. The Second Life virtual environment has become particularly popular among businesses, especially regarding its potentials to offer a cost-effective and well-organized platform for training and team working.

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 37

Assignment - Essay Example The first one is receiving computer print outs and records. The next step is the collection of ship and money. This is achieved through two ways; one is by bidding auctioned ship. This is followed by buying and selling ship during the auctions. The other potion is placing orders for construction of new ships. After that, the company now uses the existing record to calculate the size of the fleet. The available ships are then allocated to the different fishing areas and placed on the game board. Finally, the decision sheet is submitted to the operator. In ensuring that a fishing company gets the best form each transaction, it has to make crucial decisions. This is the reason to whether it needs to keep its fleet at its current size or expand it. In cases of expanding the fleet, decision has to be made at to whether the new ship should be acquired through bidding in an auction or ordering new ships to be constructed. In this experiment, the focus as on selling the fish cash at $ 20 per fish. The main expenses incurred were form buying ship form auctions and ordering the construction of new ones. The company also operated ship fleet in different fishing area which required additional maintenance costs. The ship sent to the deep sea made considerable greater returns in terms of the size of the fish catch compared to the coastal bank. The company ensured that it made great profits by maintaining low initial bank balances. From the decision sheet provided, it can be observed that the number of ships that remained in the harbor were hig her than the number of ship sent into deep sea or the coastal harbor. This shows that the company was not able to utilize its resources fully in order to get the maximum assets. At one point, there was only one ship sent to the deep sea while the rest 18 were at the harbor. This ensured that it got a great fish catch by maximally utilizing the existing resources. The great catch was also as a result

Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation

Financial Literacy and Stock Market Participation Kinar Timilsina THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FINANCIAL LITERACY AND STOCK MARKET PARTICIPATION BY RETAIL INVESTORS IN NEPAL 1.1 Background 1.1.1 Financial Literacy Financial literacy is defined as education and understanding of various financial areas such as personal finance, corporate finance, financial services, public finance etc. It focuses on the ability to manage personal finance matters in an efficient and effective manner, and it includes the knowledge of making appropriate decisions about personal finance such as investing, insurance, real estate, paying for college, budgeting, retirement and tax planning. (Investopedia). Financial literacy alerts individual to save money for their retirement period. Investments in financial asset helps them to increase their future wealth. Lusardi Mitchell (2008) write more financially literate people are more likely to plan for retirement and as a result they accumulate more wealth thus they participate in stock market . Guiso Jappelli (2008), Kimball Shumway (2007), Lusardi Mitchell (2006, 2007), and Lusardi Tufano (2009) (in Calcagno Monticone, 2011) confirm that knowledge about basic financ ial principles in consumer and products is scarce and may not be sufficient to guarantee that individuals make sound financial decisions. Less knowledge of financial literacy means little knowledge of financial matters and terms related to them such as interest rates and risk minimizing techniques. Retail Investors who has little or no knowledge of finance, that is a person who is not financially sophisticated, is more likely to fall prey to high cost borrowing and pay a great amount of money to attainment different financial services (Lusardi and Mitchell, 2011) . The financially literate persons have more financial wealth (Lusardi, 2004). The leading to the financial crisis of 2007 was financial illiteracy . It is important for decision makers to integrate financial knowledge and skills with real life processes leading to better financial interests (Atkinson and Messy). 1.1.2 Stock Market Participation Share trading in Nepal dates back to 1937 when the flotation of shares by Biratnagar Jute Mills Ltd. and Nepal Bank Ltd commenced the share trading which were involved in opening plantations in Nepal . The establishment of a formal stock exchange took place in 13 January 1994 with the incorporation of the Nepal Stock Exchange (NEPSE), which took over the Securities Exchange Center Ltd. established in 1976. It currently has a membership of 2 market makers 50 stock brokers. As per the Securities Act 2007, rules and by-laws they operate on the trading floor. The Nepal Stock Exchange (Nepal) is the main stock exchange in Nepal. It is one of the modern stock exchanges in South Asia, providing a fully automated trading platform. NEPSE operates the market on the NEPSE Automated Trading System (NATS. It adopts the principle of an order driven market. NATS is used to purchase sell physical as well as dematerialized securities. The basic objective of NEPSE is to create without cost marketability and liquidity to the government and corporate securities which is done by facilitating transactions via market intermediaries such as brokers and market makers, etc. in its trading floor. The headquarters of the NEPSE have been situated at Singha Durbar Plaza, Kathmandu Nepal Nepal Stock Exchange is the only stock exchange licensed by the Securities Board of Nepal (SEBON). It was nearly 23 years ago that, formalized share trading commenced in Nepal under the Government of Nepal and trading was conducted under the rules and by laws formulated by the Association. It was only as recent as in 1994, that share trading in Nepal took a new turn with the establishment of a public trading floor and the introduction of the open outcry system of trading until 2007. In 2007, NEPSE moved to screen-based trading from open outcry by setting up Wide Area Network. It enabled stock brokers to be connected with NEPSEs server from their offices. The partial automation of stock trading has helped boost transaction volume. NEPSE has adopted a T+3 system. It implies that after 3 days of Trading, settlement of transactions should be done. The clearing and settlement procedures of the Nepal Stock Exchange were automated in 2011 with the establishment of the CDS and Clearing Limited. It is a company established under the company act promoted by NEPSE. The depository is known as the Central Depository System (CDS). CDS performs the role of central depository for Equity, Bonds etc. to handle these securities in dematerialized form. In 1994, an Over the Counter market for trading of unlisted shares was introduced for the first time in Nepal, Securities Exchange Center (SEC) managed the operation of secondary market over-the-counter facility. The delisted firms and state-owned corporations registers with the over the counter market (OTC) to allow trade of their shares. Shares without others finding out the price at which the transaction was done, can be bought and sold at the OTC market. Thus, the OTC market is less transparent than stock exchanges, and are also subject to fewer regulations in practice. The OTC market is rarely used to trades shares in Nepal. In 2012, shares of Nepal Bank Limited were traded in the OTC market for the first time where 71,928 Nepal Bank shares were transferred to its 2,664 employees that belonged to government. SEBON as the market regulator has been concentrating its efforts on intensifying statutory and legal frameworks which are the bases for the healthy development of Nepalese stock market. The main objective of SEBON is to flourish and safeguard the interest of investors by regulating the securities market, to supervise the entire stock market, sale and distribution of securities and purchase, sale or exchange of securities. SEBON provides licenses to stock exchange and securities business person. It also monitors the activities carried by stock exchange to know if they are in accordance with the laws, bye laws or not. As per the securities regulations the depository functions such as safekeeping, deposit, and securities certificates withdrawal and transfer of ownership/rights of the said instruments of Securities will be carried out by SEBON. Nepalese stock market is still underdeveloped and there is lapse that needs to be identified. Hence, the present study is conducted in order to f ind investors awareness and participation in Nepalese stock market. 1.1.3 Retail Investors in Nepal Investing Answers defines retail investors as an individual who purchases securities for his or her own personal account rather than for an organization. Generally retail investors trade in much smaller amounts than institutional investors such as pensions and mutual funds. Unfortunately, there is no data on the investors. But estimates are that there could be nearly 1 million retail investors (Ghimire, 2016) .The major problems of the stock market are unavailability of information, influenced by small number of large investors, insufficiency of legal rules and regulations, insufficient number of brokers and issue managers rumor based market, insufficient knowledge of investors etc. The retail investors are mainly driven by the rumor based market. (Dahal, 2010) . 1.1.4 Stock Market Participation and Financial Literacy While reviewing the previous research, I found that financial literacy can have direct implications on stock market participation by retail investors . People with low financial literacy are more likely to have problems with debt (Lusardi and Tufano 2009), are less likely to participate in the stock market (van Rooij, Lusardi and Alessie 2007), are less likely to choose mutual funds with lower fees (Hastings and Tejeda-Ashton, 2008), are less likely to accumulate wealth and manage wealth effectively (Stango and Zinman, 2007; Hilgert, Hogarth and Beverly 2003). 1.2 Statement of Problem There has been few research conducted on financial literacy in Nepal. Some of them are (Bharat Singh Thapa, 2015) College students have basic level of financial knowledge and their level of financial knowledge is determined by their family income, age, stream of education, type of college they study and their financial attitude. The study found that in basic level of finance, students are more knowledgeable while students are less familiar with bank credit, taxes, financial statement, insurance, and share markets. (Chaulagain, 2015) Financial literacy of individuals increases the likelihood of access to sustainable finance for identifying and consuming appropriate financial services competitively. The financial literacy is necessary but not sufficient condition for enhancing access to finance, neither it is a panacea for all the financial problems. Baidhya and Parajuli (2004) Awareness increase amongst the general public about the capital market, regarding nature of risk and return, through promotional campaigns, seminars, publications, and programs in FM/TV etc. In those research, they are focused about determinant of financial literacy and stock market awareness. In this research, we are concerned about the relationship between financial literacy and stock market participation by retail investors in Nepal. Probably this research has never been conducted in Nepal before. This research tends to meet the shortcoming of comprehensive measures of financial literacy and is linked with the economic outcome: Stock market participation by Nepali retail investors. 1.3 Research Objectives The main objective of this study is to find out the relationship between financial literacy and stock market participation by retail investors in Nepal and to measure retail investors financial knowledge. 1.4 Significance of the study The findings of this study will be useful to Nepal Stock exchange (NEPSE), Security Board of Nepal (SEBON), Policy makers, individual retail investors and different government agencies. With the help of my research, people will be able to know the impact of financial literacy on stock market participation by retail investors. My research will help the academic sector and business school students. Part of the core activity of the Securities Board of Nepal is investor education and awareness. As such the SEBON has a division to facilitates this divisions. Different financial awareness programs have been actively conducted over the years in diverse location. With this research, SEBON can formulate targeted financial literacy programmes, especially on stock market. 1.5 Limitation of the study There will certain limitation while doing this study . There is time constraint of 6 months Study is conducted in Kathmandu area only . The respondent while doing survey may not be willing to give the proper data 1.6 Research question/hypotheses Research Question What is the relationship between financial literacy and stock market participation by retail investors in Nepal? Hypothesis 1: Null Hypothesis: (There is no significant relationship between financial literacy and stock market participation by retail investors in Nepal.) Hypothesis 2: Null Hypothesis: (Gender, age, level of education and specialization on personal financial management has no impact on stock market participation by retail investor in Nepal) . 1.7 Theoritical framework       The theoretical framework is developed as it serves as a foundation on which the entire research is based . Investors awareness is referred as the investor literacy and updated information about the investment environment. InvestorsÃâ€" ³ exposure and information about the industry is measured by the level of awareness. Many research has been conducted in this area. some of them are: Paudyal (2010) Nepal particularly can learn from Indian market. India has formed National Institute of Securities Market (NISM) with huge physical infrastructure with the collaboration of industrial houses and different universities regarding investors education and awareness. Similarly, it can learn in the areas of the functioning of stock exchange central depository system of securities, instruments diversification, investors education and awareness building, adoption of information technology and opening the secondary market for NRN and foreign institutional investors (FIIs). Baidhya and Parajuli (2004) Promotional campaigns, seminars, publications, and programs in FM/TV etc. can be used to increase awareness amongst the general public about the capital market, regarding nature of risk and return. Volpe et al. (2002) Investors knowledge varied with peoples age, experience, education, income and gender. The online investors are more likely to be influenced by financial misinformation and manipulation. So, they should have more knowledge about stocks than normal investors to succeed in the securities market. Maditinos et al. (2007) Professional investors rely more on fundamental and technical analysis whilst individual investors rely more on noise in the market and newspapers/media when making their investment decisions. Jagongo and Mutswenje (2014) The very important factors that guide individual investment decisions were: reputation and firms status in industry, expected corporate earnings, expected divided by investors, and past performance firms stock. Luigi Guiso and Tullio Jappelli on Awareness and Stock Market Participation was conducted in 1995 and 1998. The objective of this study was a) to analyze the lack of awareness of financial assets (1995 and 1998) in Bank of Italy Surveys of Household Income and Wealth. b) to explore the determinants of awareness c) to find that the probability that survey respondents are aware of stocks, investments accounts and mutual fund is positively correlated with education, household resources, long- term bank relations and proxies for social interaction. Haliassos and Bertaut (1995) They investigated factors explaining financial education and finding among its results whether university education influences more weight in the decision to invest in the stock market or those with lower educational provision, preferring savings deposits as an investment option. Attanasio, Banks, and Tanner (2002) They studied about implications of limited participation in stock markets and the asset market. Their finding shows that a) the probability of having or invest in assets, is associated with factors such as age, and educational level b) the positive effect of higher education in the stock market tends to decrease over time. Roncallo (2009) In his findings, Colombian capital market was backward in comparison to developed countries, Latin American countries, and several Asian countries due to the lack of knowledge and awareness of the general public and businesses. And also, highlights that the creation of specially designed market such as the Centre for development of the capital market institutions, for the strengthening and development of this market, has failed to make a real impact on the target audience i.e. businesses and the general public, evidenced in the lack of knowledge about the importance and functioning of the capital market. (Chaulagain, 2015) Financial literacy of individuals increases the likelihood of access to sustainable finance for identifying and consuming appropriate financial services competitively. The financial literacy is necessary but not sufficient condition for enhancing access to finance, neither it is a panacea for all the financial problems. Baidhya and Parajuli (2004) Awareness increase amongst the general public about the capital market, regarding nature of risk and return, through promotional campaigns, seminars, publications, and programs in FM/TV etc. 3.1 Research Design A detailed outline of how an investigation will take place. A research design will typically include how data is to be collected, what instruments will be employed, how the instruments will be used and the intended means for analyzing data collected (Business Dictionary, 2016) . Descriptive survey research design will be used because research intended to explore the relationship between different variables which forms financial literacy and stock market participation by retail investors . 3.2 Population and Sample Size The population of study will be comprised of key players in the stock market, which includes investors, employees working in stock market and stock brokers. This study will be based in capital city Kathmandu, where stock market activities are concentrated and people get involved in share market from around the country. The sample size for study will be as per convenience-sampling technique and respondents will be selected as per their convenient accessibility. 3.3 Nature and Source of Data This study is both quantitative and qualitative in nature. It uses primary data obtained through questionnaires for analysis. Questionnaires are the most commonly used instrument in gathering and measuring qualitative data because they present the same questions to all respondents thereby fostering a comparable basis for assessment. 3.4 Instrumentation of Data Different statistical techniques will be used for analyzing data, which includes regression analysis and descriptive statistics . Graphs, frequency tables and charts were used for results 3.5 Models Specification The model that will be used in this study is based on the equation and econometric model adopted from Chong Lal, (2011) as below Y= ÃŽÂ ²0 + ÃŽÂ ²1 +ÃŽÂ ²2 +ÃŽÂ ²3 +ÃŽÂ ²4 + à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€  Where: Y = Stock market participation. ÃŽÂ ²o= constant term ÃŽÂ ²1 = Financial Literacy Score ÃŽÂ ²2 = Age of respondent ÃŽÂ ²3 = Gender of respondent ÃŽÂ ²4 = Income of respondent à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‹â€ = disturbance term with an expected value of zero. The model helps better understand how the independent variables are related to the dependent variable and explored the form of their relationship. 3.6 Reliability and Validity of Data The research superviser and research expert of Business school will be requested to evaluate the applicability and validity of the research . Pre-test and re-test method will be done before the actual research . Bharat Singh Thapa, S. R. (2015). Financial Literacy in Nepal: A Survey Analysis from College Students. Financial Literacy in Nepal: A Survey Analysis from College Students, 26. Business Dictionary. (2016, 12 17). Retrieved from BusinessDictionary.com. WebFinance, Inc. : http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/research-design.html CDS and Clearing Limited. (2011). Retrieved from CDS and Clearing Limited: http://www.cdscnp.com/ Chaulagain, R. P. (2015). Financial Literacy for Increasing Sustainable Access to Finance in Nepal. NRB Working Paper series, 18. Dahal, S. (2010). A STUDY ON NEPALESE STOCK MARKET IN THE LIGHT OF ITS GROWTH, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS. Kathmandu. Ghimire, S. (2016, December 8). Retail Share Investors In Nepal. (K. Timilsina, Interviewer) Investopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from Investopedia: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/f/financial-literacy.asp Investopedia . (n.d.). Retrieved from NASDAQ: IAC: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/over-the-countermarket.asp Kathmandupost. (n.d.). Retrieved from Ekantipur: http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2015-09-23/nepse-urges-otc-trade-of-shares.html NepalShareMarket. (n.d.). Retrieved from NepalShareMarket: http://www.nepalsharemarket.com/NepalShareMarket/NEPSE/Analysis/news/printerfriendly_news.aspx?news_id=NEW-003992 Securities Board Of Nepal . (n.d.). Retrieved from SEBON: http://www.sebon.gov.np/ The Himalayan TImes. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://thehimalayantimes.com/business/capital-market-may-need-another-exchange-to-spark-competition/ Wikipedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal_Stock_Exchange

A Character Analysis of the Book “A Painted House”

How do unpleasant realities of life are presented and experienced by a seven-year-old boy? As the child travels from being an innocent into becoming an experienced person, both the good and bad facets of life will eventually shape his emotions, perspectives and dealings with other people.In doing so, the breaking of the child’s innocence turns into a learning experience which he and even the people around him may use as an instrument to continue living in accordance with the norms of the society. While it is expected that life realities, when witnessed from a boy’s point of view, may be rather unclear or incomplete, this does not necessarily mean that the child is totally unaware and unmoved of its accompanying and eventual implications.This is because a child may be physically small but he is able to grasp what the society is presenting to him and ultimately identifies the good and bad things which he needs to keep and disregard, respectively. Manifestations of such ab ilities are evident among almost all children because they are naà ¯ve by nature.Such innate and youthful characteristics open a child to many opportunities and possibilities. When guided properly, a child may use life realities, however harsh they are, to work to his or her advantage and even to the benefit of other people and the society in general.One book which ideally depicts the said quality of a child in John Grisham’s 2001 book titled â€Å"A Painted House.† Aside from its notable plot, which is about the story-telling of a seven-year-old boy of the struggles facing his family’s cotton-picking business in rural Arkansas in 1952, the Grisham novel is most worth-reading because of the character of the young protagonist – Luke Chandler (Grisham, 2001).In fact, it is the said struggles which brought out the best in Luke because of the fact that even at a young age, he is determined to help out in their business and in his little way, solve the proble ms even if his mother always tells him: â€Å"Don’t worry.The men will find something to worry about† (Grisham 1). The ways how Luke dealt with his growing-up miseries through his exposure to the cruel realities of life, Grisham succeeded in imparting to the public a touching novel about a child’s journey from being an innocent child into becoming a knowledgeable person (Grisham, 2001).Manifestations of above awakening are evident with the power of Luke to overcome the cruelties in his life which he personally witnessed. These include a murder, a rape incident which has resulted into pregnancy and an illegitimate child, the poverty of the Mexicans and hill people and other adult-related obstacles.The novel, as seen from the view of Luke, told of the unwavering determination of the Chandler family to make their business survive and show to the people of Arkansas that despite living in an unpainted house, their cotton-picking trade will pick up. While the author s tands out in his law-related books because of their plots, Grisham’s A Painted House novel definitely shines because of the character of Luke.Using the first-person point of perspective of Luke, the author effectively provided the public with a view of the hardships which then challenged the people of Arkansas (Grisham, 2001).Through the eyes of Luke, A Painted House serves as a blank paper where the author excellently writes the details which happened in the United States after World War II. The character of the protagonist is one which is filled with many real incidents and people albeit presented through Luke’s youthful point of view. In fact, Luke’s life is very simple and his world is small with the family’s business of cotton-picking being his concentration.The child in Luke is presented in the book many times with the Chandler family trips to town on Saturdays, church activities on Sundays, special treats at carnivals and the boy’s ultimate dream to play baseball as attested by his statement that he will not be a farmer but a baseball player (Grisham 5).However, as Luke takes on his journey, becomes exposed to the characters in his life such as his family and the workers composed of the hill people and Mexicans as well as harsh realities of life, the boy unwittingly somehow grows as an experienced person even at a young age.Hence, it is worthy to consider how Luke, in his simple yet uplifting manner, is able to address and cope with cruel issues which confronted his young life. The life realities which are too enormous and difficult for Luke to realize but triumphantly handled include the ethical conflicts about a murder case, a child born out of wedlock and even the financial destruction that hit the area.Despite these cruelties which Luke’s innocence may be unable to understands, it is remarkable to consider that the boy’s naà ¯ve personality managed the said dilemmas. Beyond Luke’s notable trai ts and abilities in his original innocence as manifested by his child-like faith when he believes that God has control over anything just like there is reason when rains sweep away their harvests.It is during the boy’s journey, where he is faced with the true events of life, that Luke is able to attain his experience and realizes that indeed there is reason for every thing that happens. This is evident when he said â€Å"I was certain there was a reason the Cardinals lost the pennant, but I couldn’t understand why God was behind it† (Grisham 251).

Liquids and Solids Essay

The purpose of this experiment is to examine the properties of several gasses, which were the products of a reaction, and examine the way the gasses react under certain conditions. These conditions, such as introducing a flame to the gas as well as oxygen and CO2, caused other reactions to occur. Experiment Before I began the experiment I gathered all my supplies from the given list in the lab manual. From there I began the actual experiment and diluted the HCL placed in a test tube and then placed the ZN in the tube as well. I placed the stopper and gas delivery plastic system on the test tube and arranged the tube in the well plate. I then took the test tube filled with water inverted it and placed on top of the gas delivery system, I had the well plate in a large bowl in case of flow over. I then removed and placed my thumb over the opening so gas wouldn’t escape I lit a match and held it approx. 1 cm away and allowed a small drop from the pipet onto the flame to observe the reaction. From here I took my pipet bulb and marked it in 3 equal parts with a marker. I filled the pipet with water and set it into the gas generation tube. When it was about 2/3 full of gas I removed it and set it facing down into the well holder as per the directions. I then cleaned up the other test tube disposed of the acid and washed the test tube and rubber stopper with water thoroughly. I then began the oxygen portion of the experiment where I placed some Mn into a test tube. I added some hydrogen peroxide and filled to nearly the top. I placed the rubber stopper with gas delivery system and put into the well plate in a straight position. I filled the pipet with water and once again inverted it and placed in on top of the gas delivery system. I then watched as it became displaced with oxygen and removed it placed my thumb over it so it wouldn’t escape.

Fiscal And The New Classical Macro Models Analysis

The effectiveness of fiscal police to stimulate economic activities has been a polemic topic for several years. This controversy exists basically due to differences between the Keynesian and the New Classical macro models analysis. However, what it is clear is that the government has the tools to adjust to positive or negative responses of economic fluctuations. Fiscal and monetary policies must be timely adjusted to overpass economic phasedowns using government spending or taxes. Consequently, good decisions have to be done based on different factors that influence fiscal and monetary policies. The impact of fiscal policies in the government spending and taxes in the last years have shown several issues. For example, positive shocks to net taxes have brought private consumption down, and the multiplier remains stable throughout (Pereira and Lopez, 158). Moreover, expenditures have presented a New Classical model with negative expenditure multiplier in the past decades. What it means is that fiscal policies have presented a time variation in the countercyclical approach. Expenditures sometimes do not respond accordantly to a stimulation period. However, what we must take into consideration is that not only one or two parameters could be a determinant to adjust monetary and fiscal policies. Shocks in taxes to adjust the Federal Budget have presented a wide volatility compared to spending in many macroeconomic models (Romer and Romer 2008). That’s why sometimes tax adjustmentsShow MoreRelatedPolicy Review And The Lucas Criticisms Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesaddition, new classical macroeconomics further argues that political measures to improve the total output and reduce unemployment have to find ways in the supply part. Therefore, policies work only when they inspire the microeconomic units to provide more products and labors (Grabel, 2000). Under this background, the Luca critique drew attention from the world. 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